Recursive Subscriptions to Content Feeds

ABSTRACT

At a client device, a user subscribes to a specified stream, where the specified stream includes one or more other streams. A respective stream of the one or more other streams includes two or more content feeds, and each content feed includes a set of content items published by a respective publication source. The client devices presents to the user (e.g., on a display of the client device) content items associated with the specified stream. In some embodiments, streams can be recursively defined to include combinations of other streams, and users who subscribe to a recursively defined stream receive content items from the content feeds associated with that stream.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 60/828,613, titled “Recursive Subscriptions to Content Feeds,” filedOct. 6, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

This application is related to the following U.S. patent applications,which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/246,597, titled “IndirectSubscriptions to A User's Selected Content Feed Items,” filed Oct. 7,2005;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/246,596, titled “PersonalizedContent Feed Suggestions Page,” filed Oct. 7, 2005;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/246,657, titled “Content Feed UserInterface with Gallery Display of Same-Type Items,” filed Oct. 7, 2005;and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/246,656, titled “IndirectSubscriptions to Top N Lists of Content Feeds,” filed Oct. 7, 2005.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosed embodiments relate generally to content syndication, andmore particularly, to a content feed user interface with multiple modesfor viewing content feed items.

BACKGROUND

Content syndication is growing in popularity as a way to distributefrequently updated information, such as news and blog postings, on theInternet. Using content syndication formats such as Really SimpleSyndication (RSS), content providers can include content and/or links tosuch content in a content feed. Users may subscribe to these contentfeeds using an application known as a feed reader, content feed reader,feed aggregator or content feed aggregator. When the content feed isupdated with new content items, the new content items are reflected inthe user's reader.

A user may subscribe to many content feeds, with each feed listingmultiple content items. Looking through a dense list of content items tolocate items of interest can be a cumbersome task for the user.

Accordingly, there is a need for a more efficient manner of presentingcontent items to the user.

SUMMARY

In an aspect of the present invention, a method of providing content isperformed at a client device. In the method, a user of the client deviceis subscribed to a specified stream. The specified stream includes oneor more other streams. A respective stream of the one or more otherstreams includes two or more content feeds, and each content feedincludes a set of content items published by a respective publicationsource. Content items associated with the specified stream are presentedto the user.

In another aspect, a method of providing content includes, at a firstclient device, in response to instructions from a first user, applying afirst label to a first stream. The first stream includes a second streamand a third stream. The second stream includes one or more content feedsto which a second client device applied a second label, and the thirdstream includes one or more content feeds to which a third client deviceapplied a third label. A sequence of content items for the first streamis presented to the first user at the first client device. The sequenceincludes content items associated with the second stream and the thirdstream.

In another aspect, a client device for presenting content to a userincludes memory, a display, one or more processors, and one or moreprograms stored in the memory and configured for execution by the one ormore processors. The one or more programs include instructions forsubscribing a user of the client device to a specified stream. Thespecified stream includes one or more other streams. A respective streamof the one or more other streams includes two or more content feeds;each content feed includes a set of content items published by arespective publication source. The one or more programs also includeinstructions for presenting on the display to the user content itemsassociated with the specified stream.

In another aspect, a computer readable storage medium stores one or moreprograms configured to be executed by a client device remotely locatedfrom a server system. The one or more programs include instructions forsubscribing a user of the client device to a specified stream. Thespecified stream includes one or more other streams. A respective streamof the one or more other streams includes two or more content feeds;each content feed includes a set of content items published by arespective publication source. The one or more programs also includeinstructions for presenting to the user, on a display of the clientdevice, content items associated with the specified stream.

In another aspect, a client device for presenting content to a userincludes means for subscribing a user of the client device to aspecified stream. The specified stream includes one or more otherstreams. A respective stream of the one or more other streams includestwo or more content feeds; each content feed includes a set of contentitems published by a respective publication source. The client devicealso includes means for presenting to the user content items associatedwith the specified stream.

In another aspect, a method of serving content items from content feedsto a plurality of users includes storing, for each respective stream ofa plurality of streams, subscription data indicating users of theplurality of users who have subscribed to the respective stream. Themethod also includes storing user label data indicating labels, if any,that respective users have applied to the respective stream. A firststream of the plurality of streams, subscribed to by a first user, has alabel applied by the first user and includes a second stream having asecond label applied by a second user and a third stream having a thirdlabel applied by a third user. The second stream and the third streameach include one or more content feeds; each content feed includes a setof content items published by a respective publication source. A list ofcontent items of the first stream is transmitted to a client device ofthe first user.

In another aspect, a system for serving content, located remotely from aclient device, includes memory, one or more processors, and one or moreprograms stored in the memory and configured for execution by the one ormore processors. The one or more programs include instructions to store,for each respective stream of a plurality of streams, subscription dataindicating users of the plurality of users who have subscribed to therespective stream, and to store user label data indicating labels, ifany, that respective users have applied to the respective stream. Afirst stream of the plurality of streams, subscribed to by a first user,has a label applied by the first user and includes a second streamhaving a second label applied by a second user and a third stream havinga third label applied by a third user. The second stream and the thirdstream each include one or more content feeds; each content feedincludes a set of content items published by a respective publicationsource. The one or more programs also include instructions to transmitto a client device of the first user a list of content items of thefirst stream.

In another aspect, a computer readable storage medium stores one or moreprograms configured to be executed by a server computer system remotelylocated from a client device. The one or more programs includeinstructions to store, for each respective stream of a plurality ofstreams, subscription data indicating users of the plurality of userswho have subscribed to the respective stream, and to store user labeldata indicating labels, if any, that respective users have applied tothe respective stream. A first stream of the plurality of streams,subscribed to by a first user, has a label applied by the first user andincludes a second stream having a second label applied by a second userand a third stream having a third label applied by a third user. Thesecond stream and the third stream each include one or more contentfeeds; each content feed includes a set of content items published by arespective publication source. The one or more programs also includeinstructions to transmit to a client device of the first user a list ofcontent items of the first stream.

In another aspect, a system for serving content, located remotely from aclient device, includes means for storing, for each respective stream ofa plurality of streams, subscription data indicating users of theplurality of users who have subscribed to the respective stream, and forstoring user label data indicating labels, if any, that respective usershave applied to the respective stream. A first stream of the pluralityof streams, subscribed to by a first user, has a label applied by thefirst user and includes a second stream having a second label applied bya second user and a third stream having a third label applied by a thirduser. The second stream and the third stream each include one or morecontent feeds; each content feed includes a set of content itemspublished by a respective publication source. The system also includesmeans for transmitting to a client device of the first user a list ofcontent items of the first stream.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a content feed aggregation systemin accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 2A-2D are flow diagrams illustrating processes for presentingcontent items to a user, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 3A-3D are schematic screenshots of the user interface of a contentfeed reader in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a client computer in accordancewith some embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a server computer in accordancewith some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D are diagrams illustrating data structures forfeed content items and user subscriptions, in accordance with someembodiments.

FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C are flow diagrams illustrating a process forpresenting content items to a user, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 8A is block diagram illustrating a feed reader user interface inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 8B is a block diagram illustrating a content item provided via theuser interface of FIG. 8A, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 8C is a block diagram illustrating a user interface for installinga bookmark on a browser toolbar, where the bookmark is for accessing oneor more items of one or more content feeds to which the user hassubscribed, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 9A is a flow diagram illustrating a process for retrieving andstoring content items, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 9B and 9C are flow diagrams illustrating processes for presentingcontent items to a user, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are block diagrams illustrating a list of contentitems corresponding to a stream, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for recursivelydefining streams of content items, in accordance with some embodiments.

Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout thedrawings.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In a content feed aggregation system, a user may subscribe to one ormore content feeds and be presented with the content items included inthose content feeds. The content items may be presented to the user inan ordered list, such that the format of each item in the list isuniform. However, the user may desire to view additional informationabout selected content items beyond that provided by a uniform list. Thedisclosed embodiments provide the user a way to view additionalinformation about selected items. For example, in one mode of operation,when a user selects a first content item, the selected item is displayedin an expanded format, and other items are displayed in a compactformat. When the user subsequently selects a second content item, thesecond item is displayed in the expanded format and the first item isdisplayed in the compact format.

Content feeds are also herein called feed streams. The feed items from acontent feed source can be considered to be a stream of items.Furthermore, some embodiments of the content feed aggregation anddistribution system described herein allow users to define virtualstreams that incorporate content items from content feeds and/or othervirtual streams. Thus, in these embodiments, the term “feed streams”also encompasses virtual streams defined by the users of the contentfeed aggregation and distribution system.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a content feed aggregation systemin accordance with some embodiments. The content feed aggregation system100 includes a server system 104. The server system 104 is coupled toone or more client systems 102 and to one or more hosts 120 (or “feedsources”) by a network 106. The network 106 may be any suitable wiredand/or wireless network and may include a local area network (LAN), widearea network (WAN), the Internet, metropolitan area network (MAN), orany combination of such networks.

The server system 104 accesses content feeds from the feed sources 120.The server system 104 includes a server 108 and a database 1 10. Server108 serves as a front-end for the server system 104. Server 108,sometimes called a front end server, retrieves the content feeds fromthe feed sources 120, and also provides an interface between the serversystem 104 and the client systems 102. In some embodiments, thefunctions of server 108 may be divided or allocated among two or moreservers.

The server system 104 stores content items in the content feeds in thedatabase 110. In some embodiments, the database 110 stores both metadata(e.g., title, description, URL, date/time, and possibly other metadata)and the content of each content item. However, in some otherembodiments, the database 110 stores the metadata but not the contentfor each content item. The database 110 also stores user feedinformation 112 for a plurality of users. The user feed information fora particular user identifies content feed subscriptions, as well assources, filters, and read states for that particular user. That is,user feed information associated with a user identifies the contentfeeds to which the user has subscribed, any filters the user has definedfor the feeds, any labels the user has associated with individual feeditems, and an indication of whether each feed item has been marked as“read” by the user.

It should be appreciated that the server system 104, including theserver 108 and the database 1 10, may be implemented as a distributedsystem of multiple computers. However, for convenience of explanation,the server system 104 is described below as being implemented on asingle computer, which can be considered a single logical system.

A content feed (or channel) is a resource or service that provides alist of content items that are present, recently added, or recentlyupdated at a feed source 120. A content item in a content feed mayinclude the content associated with the item itself (the actual contentthat the content item specifies), a title (sometimes called a headline),and/or a description of the content, a network location or locator(e.g., URL) of the content, or any combination thereof. For example, ifthe content item identifies a text article, the content item may includethe article itself inline, along with the title (or headline), andlocator. Alternatively, a content item may include the title,description and locator, but not the article content. Thus, some contentitems may include the content associated with those items, while otherscontain links to the associated content but not the full content of theitems. A content item may also include additional metadata that providesadditional information about the content. The full version of thecontent may be any machine-readable data, including but not limited toweb pages, images, digital audio, digital video, Portable DocumentFormat (PDF) documents, and so forth.

In some embodiments, a content feed is specified using a contentsyndication format, such as RSS. RSS is an acronym that stands for “richsite summary,” “RDF site summary,” or “Really Simple Syndication.” “RSS”may refer to any of a family of formats based on the Extensible MarkupLanguage (XML) for specifying a content feed and content items includedin the feed. In some other embodiments, other content syndicationformats, such as the Atom syndication format or the VCALENDAR calendarformat, may be used to specify content feeds.

Further information regarding the RSS syndication format known as“Really Simple Syndication” is disclosed in the RSS 2.0 Specification byD. Winer, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety. M. Nottingham et al. disclose further information regardingthe Atom syndication format in The Atom Syndication Format, which ishereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

A user interfaces with the server system 104 and views content items ata client system or device 102 (hereinafter called the client system forease of reference). The client system 102 includes a computer 118 orcomputer controlled device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA),cellular telephone or the like. The computer 118 typically includes oneor more processors (not shown); memory, which may include volatilememory (not shown) and non-volatile memory such as a hard disk drive119; and a display 1 14. The computer 118 may also have input devicessuch as a keyboard and a mouse (not shown).

In some embodiments, a user may interact with the server system 104 viaa feed reader user interface 116 that may be presented on the display114. The user may create a list of feed subscriptions via the feedreader user interface 116. In some embodiments, using the feed readeruser interface 116, the user may also create filters or labels to beapplied to content feeds and/or content items, and modify the readstates of content feeds and/or content items. The feed reader userinterface transmits a list of content feed subscriptions, ormodifications to a list of content feed subscriptions, to the serversystem 104 for storage at the database 110. The feed reader userinterface 116 presents content items stored at the database 110 to theuser based on the user's list of content feed subscriptions. That is,feed reader user interface 116 presents to the user content itemsspecified in the content feeds to which the user has subscribed. A usermay view the full version of the content of a content item in the feedreader user interface 116 by selecting it (e.g., by clicking on it witha mouse pointer). In some embodiments, a copy of the user's list ofcontent feed subscriptions and copies of the presented content items maybe cached locally at the client system 102.

In some embodiments, the feed reader user interface 116 may be aweb-based user interface. That is, the feed reader user interface 116includes one or more web pages. It is noted that a single web page cancontain multiple frames, each of which may appear (when displayed by abrowser application) to be a distinct web page. The web page(s) may bewritten in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible MarkupLanguage (XML), or any other suitable language for preparing web pages,and may include one or more scripts for interfacing with the serversystem 104. For example, the web page(s) may include a Javascriptapplication that interfaces with the server system 104 via anapplication programming interface (API). The Javascript applicationreceives content items from the server system 104, manages the renderingof those content items at the client, and also performs the client-sideaspects of other tasks, such as marking items as read, adding andremoving content feed subscriptions, labeling content feed subscriptionsand/or individually selected content items, selecting or revising userpreferences, and the like. The user may subscribe to content feeds, viewcontent items, and otherwise interact with the server system 104 byinteracting with the web page(s) of the feed reader user interface 116.In other words, the server system 104, including the feed reader userinterface 116, provides a web-based content aggregation service. Theserver system 104 aggregates and stores content items in accordance withthe user's content feed subscriptions. In some embodiments, the serversystem 104 can also apply filters or labels, or change the read statesof content items in accordance with user actions or instructions. Whenthe user accesses the feed reader user interface 116, the content itemsare presented to the user via the feed reader user interface 116.

In some other embodiments, the feed reader user interface 116 may be apart of a standalone application that is run on the client system 102.The standalone application may interface with the server system 104 viaan application programming interface (API).

FIG. 2A is a flow diagram illustrating a process 200 for presentingcontent items to a user, in accordance with some embodiments. Process200 occurs at a client device, on a client application that permits theuser to interact with server system 104 via feed reader user interface116. User interface 116 displays an ordered list of content items (202).The content items are specified in content feeds to which the user hassubscribed. A selected first item is displayed in expanded format, andother items are displayed in compact format (204). FIG. 3B depicts anexemplary schematic screen shot of a user interface showing a firstitem, in an ordered list of content items, in expanded format and theother items in a compact format. In one embodiment, the compact formatincludes the publication source, headline, and timestamp associated witheach item, with each item presented in a single line. In anotherembodiment, the compact format further includes a snippet (a smallportion) of the content, also displayed on the single line. In anembodiment, the expanded format displays the same information as thecompact format on a first line of the expanded format. In addition, theexpanded format displays the title (sometimes called the headline) andsource of the content on subsequent lines, in a larger font than thefont used on the first line, and displays some or all of the contentbelow the title and source. In other embodiments, the expanded formatmay include additional information associated with the content item. Forexample, a content item displayed in the expanded format may include alink to the full content associated with the content item. The linkincludes the URL of a web page or other document that contains the fullcontent of the content item.

A user may select a next item (second item), for example by scrollingdown the list, or may select another item (second item), for example byclicking on it. In response, the ordered list is redisplayed (206). Thenewly selected second item is displayed in expanded format, while otheritems, such as the first item, are displayed in compact format (208).FIG. 3C depicts an exemplary schematic screen shot of a user interfaceshowing a second item in expanded format while the first item and otheritems are displayed in compact format.

FIG. 2B is a flow diagram illustrating a process 220 for presentingcontent items to a user, in accordance with some embodiments. An orderedlist of contents items is displayed with a selected first item inexpanded format and other items in compact format, as described above(202, 204). When a user selects a second item, the ordered list isredisplayed (222). If the user has selected a second item by scrollingdown the list, the redisplayed list is scrolled appropriately. The newlyselected item is displayed in expanded format, while other items, suchas the first item, are displayed in compact format (208). If the userhas scrolled down the list, one or more items previously displayed atthe top of the list when the first item was selected are no longerdisplayed (224). In some embodiments, the status of a previouslyselected item is changed from unread to read when the item scrolls offthe top of the displayed list (226). More specifically, when an itemthat has been viewed in expanded format scrolls off the top of thedisplay list (226), the client sends a message to the server systemidentifying the content item to be marked as read, and the server systemthen updates the status of the content item accordingly.

As discussed below with reference to FIG. 2D, in some other embodiments,content items are marked as read when they are displayed in expandedformat. Alternatively, content items are marked as read when they areselected, regardless of whether they are displayed in expanded orcompact format. Furthermore, in some embodiments, content items thathave been marked as read, which have not yet been scrolled off thedisplayed list, are displayed in a manner that is distinct from thedisplay of unread items. For example, one or more portions of thedisplayed text (e.g., the displayed title or headline) of items markedas read may be displayed using a light shade of gray while thecorresponding text or text portions of unread items may be displayedusing black text.

FIG. 2C is a flow diagram illustrating a process 240 for presentingcontent items to a user, in accordance with some embodiments. Process240 begins with operations 202-208, described above with regards to FIG.2A. After operation 208, the displayed ordered list includes a newlyselected second item displayed in expanded format and other items, suchas the previously selected first item, displayed in compact format. Auser may select a next item (third item), for example by scrolling downthe list, or may select another item (third item), for example byclicking on another item. In response, the ordered list is redisplayed(242). The newly selected third item is displayed in expanded format,while other items, such as the second and first items, are displayed incompact format (244). However, if the user scrolls through the list toselect the third item, the first or second items may not be displayed(e.g., because they have been scrolled off the top or bottom of thedisplayed list of content items), depending on how far through the listthe user scrolls.

FIG. 2D is a flow diagram illustrating a process 260 for presentingcontent items to a user, in accordance with some embodiments. Operations202 and 204 are performed as described above with regards to FIG. 2A.Selection of the first item results in the status of the first itembeing changed from unread to read (262). In one embodiment, the statusis changed by transmitting information to server 108 indicating that thefirst item has been read (264). Server 108 then updates database 110 toreflect that the first item has been read by the user.

A user may select a next item (second item), for example by scrollingdown the list, or may select another item (second item), for example byclicking on another item. In response, the ordered list is redisplayed(206). The newly selected second item is displayed in expanded format,while other items, such as the first item, are displayed in compactformat (208). Selection of the second item results in the status of thesecond item being changed from unread to read (266). In one embodiment,the status is changed by transmitting information to server 108indicating that the second item has been read (268). Server 108 thenupdates database 110 to reflect that the second item has been read bythe user.

FIG. 3A is a schematic screenshot of a web browser's user interface 300(sometimes hereinafter called the web browser for convenience),presenting a web page that displays a feed reader user interface 302, inaccordance with some embodiments. The web browser 300 can be any type ofbrowser application that permits a user to display and interact with webpages or other documents or information. The web browser's userinterface includes a URL field 304 for entering the URL of any web pagethat a user wants to display, as well as for displaying the URL of theweb page currently being displayed. The user may access a web pagedisplaying a feed reader's user interface 302 by entering in the URLfield 304 the URL associated with feed reader user interface 302.

Feed reader user interface 302 includes a list 305 of labels, alsoreferred to as folders, associated with content feeds to which a userhas subscribed. Exemplary labels shown in FIG. 3A include “News” 306 and“Sports” 308. The labels or folder names may be user defined names. Userinterface 302 also includes an ordered list 310 of content itemsassociated with a selected label. For example, in FIG. 3A, the “Sports”label 308 has been selected by the user, as indicated by a shadedbackground. In this example, ordered list 310 includes items 312,314,and 315. In some embodiments, items in ordered list 310 are orderedaccording to timestamps associated with the items. In some otherembodiments, items in ordered list 310 are ordered in accordance with ascore that takes into account both the content of the items and thetimestamps of the items.

A user may select a different label, for example by clicking on adifferent label. If a user selected the “News” label 306, ordered list310 would display content items associated with “News” label 306. Also,user interface 302 would indicate that the “News” label 306 was selectedby displaying it with a shaded background. In this example, thebackground for “Sports” label 308 would no longer be shaded after theuser selected “News” label 306.

In FIG. 3A, all items in ordered list 310, including items 312, 314, and315, are displayed in compact format. In this embodiment, compact formatincludes the source, headline, and timestamp for each item, displayed ina single line. For example, the compact format display for item 312includes “Sports Source 1,” “Sports Headline 1,” and “Timestamp 1,” alldisplayed on the same line of ordered list 310. In other embodiments,compact format might include additional information. For example, abrief portion of the content could be displayed next to the headline.

User interface 302 shows that an item in ordered list 310 is selected bydisplaying that item with a bold border. In FIG. 3A, item 312 isselected, as indicated by its bold border. Items 314 and 315 are notselected, as indicated by their narrow borders. In other embodiments, aselected item may have a border with a different color from that ofother items (e.g., a thick blue border for the selected item and a grayor thin black border for the unselected items). A user may selectanother item (second item) by clicking on “Next Item” button 316 or“Previous Item” button 318, by clicking directly on another item, or byscrolling through ordered list 310 using scrollbar 320 and then clickingon another item. For example, in FIG. 3A, a user could select item 314by clicking “Next Item” button 316 or by clicking directly on item 314.Item 314 then would be displayed with a bold border, and other items,such as item 312, would appear with narrow borders.

FIG. 3B is a schematic screenshot of a web browser 300 presenting a webpage that displays a feed reader user interface 302, in accordance withsome embodiments. As in FIG. 3A, user interface 302 includes a list 305of labels associated with content feeds to which a user has subscribedand an ordered list 310 of content items associated with a selectedlabel. However, a selected content item 340 is displayed in expandedformat, while other content items, such as a second item 314, aredisplayed in compact format. Item 340 corresponds to item 312 displayedin compact format in FIG. 3A. In an embodiment, the expanded formatdisplays the same information as the compact format on a first line,such as the source, headline, and timestamp for each item. The headlinethen is displayed again in larger type on a second line, the source isdisplayed again on a third line, and the content is displayed on afourth and subsequent lines as necessary. This embodiment of expandedformat is illustrated by content item 340. In a different embodiment,the expanded format does not display the same information as the compactformat on a first line; instead, it displays the headline and source inlarger type than in the compact format, followed by the content onsubsequent lines.

As discussed above in regards to FIG. 3A, a user may select another item(second item). For example, in FIG. 3B, the user might select item 314,by clicking on item 314 or by clicking “Next Item” button 316. FIG. 3C,a schematic screenshot of a web browser 300 presenting a web page thatdisplays a feed reader user interface 302, shows the result of this useraction according to an embodiment. The selected item 360 (correspondingto item 314 in compact format) appears in expanded format. Other items,including first item 312 (corresponding to item 340 in expanded format)are displayed in compact format.

In the example of FIGS. 3B and 3C, item 360 is not as large as item 340:it has only one line of content as opposed to two. Therefore, theordered list 310 in FIG. 3B displays fewer items than the ordered list310 in FIG. 3C: ordered list 310 in FIG. 3B displays seven items, whileordered list 310 in FIG. 3C displays eight items. In general, the numberof items displayed in ordered list 310 will vary depending on the sizein expanded format of the selected item.

FIG. 3D is a schematic screenshot of a web browser 300 presenting a webpage that displays a feed reader user interface 302, in accordance withsome embodiments. As in FIGS. 3A-3C, user interface 302 includes a list305 of labels associated with content feeds to which a user hassubscribed and an ordered list 310 of content items associated with aselected label. However, all items in ordered list 310 are displayed inexpanded format. Items 340 and 360 (corresponding respectively to items312 and 314 in compact format) are displayed in their entirety. Only thetop portion of item 380 (corresponding to item 315 in compact format) isdisplayed, because there is not enough space to display the entire itemin expanded format. Because the size of each item in expanded formatvaries, depending for example on the amount of content, the number ofdisplayed items will vary in general.

Some, but not necessarily all, content items displayed in expandedformat include a link to the full content associated with those contentitems. The link may be activated by a user clicking on the headline inthe content item, or by clicking on a link icon (not shown in FIGS.3A-3D) displayed in the expanded format of a respective content item.Activation of the link typically causes the browser to open a newbrowser window or tab and to download and display the document (if any)located at the location (e.g., URL) specified by the link.

Although not shown in FIGS. 3A-3D, the feed reader user interface willtypically include icons, menu items or the like for reviewing andmanaging the user's content feed subscriptions, including removing andadding content feed subscriptions, and optionally labeling a respectivecontent feed subscription with one or more user defined labels (or,alternately, assigning the respective content feed subscription to oneor more user defined folders).

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a client computer in accordancewith some embodiments. The client computer 400 typically includes one ormore processing units (CPU's) 402, one or more network or othercommunications interfaces 406, memory 404, and one or more communicationbuses 414 for interconnecting these components. The communication buses414 may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) thatinterconnects and controls communications between system components. Theclient computer 400 may also include a user interface 408 comprising adisplay device 410 and a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointingdevice) 412. Memory 404 includes high-speed random access memory, suchas DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memorydevices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or moremagnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flashmemory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices.Memory 404 may optionally include one or more storage devices remotelylocated from the CPU(s) 402. In some embodiments, memory 404 stores thefollowing programs, modules and data structures, or a subset thereof:

-   -   an operating system 416 that includes procedures for handling        various basic system services and for performing hardware        dependent tasks;    -   a network communication module 418 that is used for connecting        the client system 400 to other computers via the one or more        communication network interfaces 406 and one or more        communication networks, such as the Internet, other wide area        networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and        so on;    -   a feed reader module 420 for handling content items from content        feeds; and    -   a client application 430, such as a web browser.

The feed reader module 420 includes a content item format module 422 fordetermining the format in which to display content items, a localdatabase 424 for storing content items sent by the server, and a serverinterface module 426 for interfacing with server computer 500.

In some embodiments, the feed reader module 420 may be a script-basedmodule, embedded in a web page served from the server system 104 (FIG.1). The web page may be rendered by a client application 430, such as aweb browser, at the client computer 400. When the web page is rendered,the feed reader module 420 is executed, thereby providing a web-basedinterface to the server system 104. The script-based feed reader modulemay be written in JavaScript, ECMAScript or any other suitable scriptinglanguage.

In some other embodiments, the feed reader module 420 may be astandalone application stored in memory 404 of the client computer 400.The standalone application may include, but is not limited to a feedaggregator application. In further other embodiments, the feed readermodule 420 may be an add-on or a plug-in to another application. For,example, the feed reader module 420 may be a plug-in or extension to aweb browser application or an email application.

In some embodiments, received content items may be cached locally inmemory 404. Similarly, a user's list of content feed subscriptions mayalso be cached locally in memory 404.

Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 4 may be stored in one ormore of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the aboveidentified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing afunction described above. The above identified modules or programs(i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separatesoftware programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets ofthese modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in variousembodiments. In some embodiments, memory 404 may store a subset of themodules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 404may store additional modules and data structures not described above.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a server computer 500 inaccordance with some embodiments. The server computer 500 typicallyincludes one or more processing units (CPU's) 502, one or more networkor other communications interfaces 506, memory 504, and one or morecommunication buses 510 for interconnecting these components. Thecommunication buses 510 may include circuitry (sometimes called achipset) that interconnects and controls communications between systemcomponents. The server system 500 optionally may include a userinterface 508, which may include a display device (not shown), and akeyboard and/or a mouse (not shown). Memory 504 includes high-speedrandom access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random accesssolid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such asone or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices,flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices.Memory 504 may optionally include one or more storage devices remotelylocated from the CPU(s) 502. In some embodiments, memory 504 stores thefollowing programs, modules and data structures, or a subset thereof:

-   -   an operating system 512 that includes procedures for handling        various basic system services and for performing hardware        dependent tasks;    -   a network communication module 514 that is used for connecting        the server system 500 to other computers via the one or more        communication network interfaces 506 and one or more        communication networks, such as the Internet, other wide area        networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and        so on;    -   a feed tracker module 516 for retrieving content items for        storage periodically and/or as content feeds are updated;    -   a subscriptions database 518 for storing information about the        content feed subscriptions of users of the system;    -   a feed content database 520, for storing content items from        content feeds and user information about content items that        respective users have read, labeled, and so on;    -   a reader application interface 524 for exchanging information        with the feed reader modules in one or more client computers;        and    -   a user preferences database 526 for storing user-specific        information, including user preferences with regard to the user        interface.

Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 5 may be stored in one ormore of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the aboveidentified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing afunction described above. The above identified modules or programs(i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separatesoftware programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets ofthese modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in variousembodiments. In some embodiments, memory 504 may store a subset of themodules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 504may store additional modules and data structures not described above.

Although FIG. 5 shows a “server computer,” FIG. 5 is intended more as afunctional description of the various features which may be present in aset of servers than as a structural schematic of the embodimentsdescribed herein. In practice, and as recognized by those of ordinaryskill in the art, items shown separately could be combined and someitems could be separated. For example, some items shown separately inFIG. 5 could be implemented on single servers and single items could beimplemented by one or more servers.

FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a data structure for feed contentitems, in accordance with some embodiments. As described above, a servercomputer 500 (FIG. 5) may store a plurality of feed content items infeed content database 520. The feed content items may be stored in adata structure, such as a table data structure 600. The feed contenttable 600 includes a row 610 for each content item from each feedsource. Each row includes one or more fields (612, 614) that identifythe content item, such as a content ID 612 and a feed ID 614 (whichidentifies the feed source of the content item). In some embodiments,the content ID may include information that uniquely identifies the feedsource, in which case the feed ID 614 may be omitted. Each row 610 mayfurther include content 616 and a content fingerprint 617 of the contentitem. The content 616 may include the metadata of the content item(e.g., title, description, URL, date/time, and possibly other metadata),and may further include the actual content of the content item. In someembodiments, the content fingerprint 617 of a content item may begenerated by applying a hash function to the content 616 of the item,and the web page or document, if any, referenced by the content item(e.g., referenced by a URL or publisher-assigned ID in the contentitem). In addition, each row 610 includes a column 618 or field for eachregistered user of the system. The user data in this column may includea read flag 620, which indicates whether the user corresponding to thiscolumn has read the content item associated with the row 610 containingthe user data. The user data in column 618 also may optionally includeadditional user information, such as one or more user specified labelsor flags 622. A user may tag or label content items, as well as contentfeeds, and a record of the tag or label that the user associated witheach labeled content item is stored in the user data 618. In someembodiments, the system may allow users to tag or label individualcontent items with predefined tags or labels (e.g., star, red, blue,etc.), and some embodiments further allow users to tag or labelindividual content items with user-defined labels (e.g., “news,”“music,” etc.). Furthermore, a content item, represented by a row 610,may by tagged by any number of users.

FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a data structure for usersubscriptions, in accordance with some embodiments. As described above,a server computer 500 (FIG. 5) may store user subscription informationin subscriptions database 518. The user subscription information may bestored in a data structure, such as a table data structure 650. A usersubscription information table 650 stores feed identifications for feedstreams known to the system and user data for those feed streams. Theuser subscription table 650 includes fields or columns 656 correspondingto the stream ID's for each content stream known to the system,including both real content streams (typically corresponding to contentstreams from publication sources at well defined network locations) andvirtual content streams. A virtual content stream is a content streamderived from one or more other content streams within the context of theserver system 104. For example, a virtual content stream may include aset of real content streams assigned a label by a user. In anotherexample, a virtual stream may include individual content items assigneda particular label by a user; the labeled content items may be from oneor more real content streams. In one embodiment, a virtual stream can beidentified by the user who created the stream and the user labelassigned to the virtual stream by the user. Thus, the stream ID of avirtual stream may include the user ID 658 of the user who created thevirtual stream and the user label 660 assigned to the virtual stream bythat user. Alternately, the stream ID of a virtual stream may begenerated or assigned by a mapping function that maps virtual streams tovirtual stream ID's.

Table 650 further includes a row 654 for each user, with fields orcolumns 656 containing user data for each content stream. In someembodiments, the user data for a respective content stream includes asubscribed flag 662 indicating whether the user has subscribed to thecontent stream associated with the column 656 containing the user data.The user data may also include a marked-as-read flag and timestamp 668,which indicates whether and when the user corresponding to the row hasviewed the items in the content stream associated with the column 656.The user data may further include additional user information, such asone or more user specified labels 664. A user may label content streamsthat the user may want to view again in the future, and a record of thelabel that the user associated with a content stream may be stored inthe user data 656.

FIG. 6C is a diagram illustrating a data structure for user preferences,in accordance with some embodiments. As described above, a servercomputer 500 (FIG. 5) may store user preference information in userpreferences database 526. The user preference information may be storedin a data structure, such as a table data structure 680. Userpreferences table 680 contains user data 684 (e.g., in a row or recordof the table 680) for each user. The user data 684 optionally includes auser ID 686 (which may be implied by the location of the user data 684in the user preferences table 680), and a token 688 used by server 500to authenticate requests from the user. In some embodiments, the token688 is generated using a random or pseudo-random number generator orfunction, and is of sufficient length that it would be impractical toguess or independently replicate the token. In some embodiments, userswho have not implemented the bookmark feature discussed below are notassigned a token 688. Instead, a respective token 688 is generated andstored in the user data 684 of a user when the user first implements thebookmark feature. As described in more detail below, the token is usedin the bookmark feature to prevent interlopers from forging a user'sfeed reader bookmark(s) (sometimes herein called a content feedbookmark), which would enable unauthorized access to a user's feedreader account, and which in turn would result in content items beingmarked as read even though they had never been seen by the user.

The user data optionally may include one or more additional fields 689,690, 692, 694. For example, the user data optionally may include a sortorder flag 689, for specifying the order in which to display contentitems on a user interface, such as user interface 302 (FIG. 3A). Forexample, content items may be displayed in chronological order oraccording to a ranking based on predefined criteria (e.g., the quantityand/or quality of the content in the content items, as well as therecency of the content items). The user data may further include ananimation flag 690 to indicate whether or not to display animations onthe user interface. The user data may include user interface featureflags or parameter values (692, 694) to specify other user interfacecharacteristics associated with the user. For example, user interfacefeature flags may be used to specify the formatting and color of a userinterface. In an embodiment, users may set the sort order flag, theanimation flag and user interface feature flags via menus accessiblefrom the user interface (not shown).

Feed content table 600, user subscription table 650, and userpreferences table 680, or portions of these tables, may be stored usingsparse table storage mechanisms, since large portions of the user datain these tables may be empty or set to default values.

FIG. 6D is a diagram illustrating an example of a user subscriptiontable, such as user subscription table 650 (FIG. 6B), in accordance withsome embodiments. As explained above, user subscription table 650includes rows for each user known to the system and columns for eachcontent stream known to the system, including both real and virtualcontent streams. In the example of user subscription table 625, columns630 and 632 are associated with real content streams, corresponding tostreams from publication sources at well-defined network locations.Specifically, stream 1 (630) is available at a network locationindicated by URL1 and stream 2 (632) is available at a network locationindicated by URL2. In an embodiment, the URL's associated with realstreams are used as feed ID's and are listed in row 640 of usersubscription table 625. The check mark under stream 1 (630) for user 3(646) indicates that user 3 has subscribed to stream 1.

Columns 634, 636 and 638 are associated with virtual content streams,defined as streams derived from one or more other content streams. Forexample, user 1 (642) has subscribed to streams 1 (630) and 2 (632) andassigned the label “tech” to both streams, as indicated by the checkmark and text “label:tech” at the intersection of row 642 with columns630 and 632. User 1 thereby created stream 3 (634), a virtual stream. Insome embodiments, a respective virtual stream is given a feed ID thatincludes a user name or identifier and a label assigned by a respectiveuser (e.g., the feed ID may have the form “user#:label”). Examples ofsuch feed ID's are listed in row 640 of FIG. 6D. In this example, stream3 has the feed ID “User1:tech.” Because the feed ID of a respectivevirtual stream includes the user name or identifier of the user whodefined the virtual stream, multiple users may use the same labelwithout conflict. For example, user 25 (row not shown) has assigned thelabel “tech” to one or more streams, resulting in stream 5 (638) withfeed ID “User25:tech”.

Some virtual streams may correspond to (or may include) individualcontent items on one or more content feeds that have been labeled by arespective user. For example, a user (e.g., “user99” may mark or labelspecific content feed items as “favorite” items, or the user may assigna user-specified label (e.g., “best” or “reviews”) to specific feeditems. If the set of user labeled items is made available forsubscription by others, the user-labeled items become a virtual streamthat is assigned a stream identifier, such as “user99:best”. Thisvirtual stream is assigned a column in the user subscription table 625and subscription and user labeling information for the virtual stream isstored in this column.

Check marks in column 634 associated with stream 3 indicate which otherusers have subscribed to stream 3. In this example, user 2 (644) hassubscribed to stream 3 and assigned the label “friends” to it. User 2also has assigned the label “friends” to stream 5 (638), created by user25. User 2 thereby created stream 4 (636), which has feed ID“User2:friends”. Stream 4 (636) thus is a virtual stream comprisingother virtual streams (stream 3 and stream 5), demonstrating thatmultiple levels of recursion are allowed for virtual streams. User 3(646) has subscribed to stream 4 (636). If user 3 desired, he couldlabel stream 4, thereby creating another virtual stream with anadditional level of recursion, and another user could subscribe to thatvirtual stream.

FIG. 7A is a flow diagram illustrating a process 700 for presentingcontent items to a user, in accordance with some embodiments. Operations702-712 are performed by client computer 400, while operations 714-722are performed by server computer 500. Client 400 detects user selectionof a bookmark (sometimes herein called a feed reader bookmark or contentfeed bookmark) (702). In response, client 400 downloads a documentassociated with the bookmark (704) and displays the downloaded documentto the user (712).

In one embodiment, the process of downloading the document begins withtransmitting to server 500 a request specified by the bookmark (706). Asdiscussed in more detail below, in some embodiments, if the request is avalid request, it includes a token that uniquely corresponds to the useridentifier of the requesting user, and a login cookie (also variouslycalled an object, cookie file or cookie object) containing therequesting user's user identifier (sometimes called the user ID). Server500 receives the request (714), identifies the user or user account ofthe user, and identifies an unread content item for the requesting user(716). Typically, in order for the server to successfully process theuser's request, the requesting user must be a registered user of thecontent feed aggregation system, and must have subscribed to at leastone content feed. The item identified by the server may, for example, bethe most recent unread item in a set of content feeds associated withthe selected bookmark. In another example, an unread item is identifiedaccording to other predefined selection criteria.

A document associated with the identified item is identified (718).Exemplary identified documents include a document corresponding to a URLin the identified content item, or the home page of a content feedcontaining the identified content item. For example, if the identifieditem is a blog posting, the identified document could be a web pagecontaining the posting, or it may be the home page of the blog. If theidentified item is a news article, the identified document could be aweb page containing the article, or it may be the home page of a newsservice that published the article.

Server 500 marks the identified content item or a corresponding feedstream as read (720). In one embodiment, when the document identified inoperation 718 is linked to a specific content item, the specific contentitem is marked as read. On the other hand, when the document identifiedin operation 718 is a home page for a content feed, the correspondingfeed stream is marked as read, with a timestamp indicating the last timethat the feed stream was marked as read. Marking an entire feed streamas read is equivalent (from the user's perspective) to marking allcontent items in the feed stream as having been read by the user, but ismuch more efficient because the only update made to the server'sdatabase is to update the “marked-as-read” flag and timestamp 668 in theuser data for the feed stream (in the user subscription table 650). Incontrast, marking as read all the individual items in the feed streamwould potentially require updating the user data for many items in thefeed content table 600. Once a feed stream has been marked as read for aparticular user, only content items that are newer than themarked-as-read timestamp can be considered to be unread by the user(excluding, of course, any individual content items that have beenmarked as read).

Server 500 then sends client 400 a redirect to the identified document,or more specifically, to a network location associated with the document(722). Client 400 receives the redirect (708) and downloads theidentified document from the redirect location (710). The downloadeddocument is displayed to the user (712).

FIG. 7B is a flow diagram illustrating a process 740, performed byserver computer 500, for identifying content to provide to a user, inresponse to user selection of a bookmark. For example, user selection ofthe bookmark may cause an HTTP request to be sent to the server and theURL may include one or more parameters. Server 500 receives a requestspecified by the bookmark (714). A set of content items associated withthe bookmark request is identified (742). For example, the identifiedset of items could include items associated with a content feed to whichthe user has subscribed.

During operation 744, the number of unread items in the identified setof items is tested against predefined criteria. If the number of unreaditems meets the predefined criteria, a document corresponding to a URLin a content item in the set is identified (746). The item correspondingto the identified document is marked as read (748), and a redirect tothe identified document is sent to client computer 400 (722). However,if the number of unread items does not meet the predefined criteria, adocument corresponding to a home page of unread items in the set isidentified (750). In addition, the content feed corresponding to theunread items is marked as read (752), and a redirect to the identifieddocument is sent to the client computer (722). Alternately, all unreaditems in the set associated with the home page are marked as read (752),and a redirect to the identified document is sent to the client computer(722).

For example, consider a situation in which the most recent unread itemfrom all the content feeds to which a user subscribes is a news articlefrom a particular news provider. In response to user selection of abookmark, server 500 receives a request specified by the bookmark (714)and identifies a set of items comprising the most recent unread item(the news article) and all other items provided by the same particularnews provider (742). Now consider that the predefined criteria iswhether the number or unread items in the set is less than ten. If theuser's feed has less than ten unread items from the particular newsprovider, a web page containing the most recent unread item (the newsarticle) will be identified (746), the item will be marked as read(748), and a redirect to the web page will be sent to client 400 (722).However, if the user's feed has ten or more unread items, a home pagefor the particular news provider will be identified (750), the feedstream associated with the particular news provider will be marked asread (752) (or, alternately, all the unread items in the feed streamwill be marked as read), and a redirect to the home page will be sent toclient 400 (722).

FIG. 7C is a flow diagram illustrating a process 760, performed byserver computer 500, for receiving and verifying a request resultingfrom user selection of a bookmark. For security reasons, it is desirableto verify the request is, in fact, an authorized request from arespective user of the feed reader system before processing the request.In some embodiments, a valid request (702) initiated by user selectionof the feed reader bookmark includes a token that uniquely correspondsto the user identifier of the requesting user, and a login cookie (alsovariously called an object, cookie file or cookie object) containing therequesting user's user ID. In one embodiment, the token is embedded as aparameter in the URL specified by the bookmark. The login cookie, ifincluded in the request, is previously generated when the user logged into the feed reader system or logged into a related system, such as aparent server system that provides a plurality of online services. It isnoted that in the embodiments described here, the token and the useridentifier are stored in separate objects (e.g., a bookmark and acookie) so as to protect the integrity of the user's feed readeraccount. As will be described next, unless the user is in possession ofboth a login cookie and a bookmark having a token that corresponds tothe user identifier in the cookie, the request generated by activatingthe bookmark will be rejected by the feed reader system.

Upon receiving a request (714), server 500 checks to see whether a logincookie, creating by previously logging in to the feed reader system,containing a user ID was received with the request (762). If no logincookie was received, server 500 sends client computer 400 a redirect toa login web page (764), from which the user may log in to the feedreader. Once the user has logged in to the feed reader, the user mayselect a bookmark and thereby initiate process 700 (FIG. 7A). If a logincookie was received, server 500 compares the token in the request to astored token associated with the user (as identified by the useridentifier in the login cookie), for example, token 688 stored in userpreferences table 680. If the received token is consistent with thestored token, server 500 proceeds to identify a set of content items forthe requesting user (742) and then perform the subsequent steps ofprocess 740 (FIG. 7B), described above. However, if the received tokenis not consistent with the stored token, server 500 sends client 400 aredirect to, for example, a web page displaying an error message or afeed reader home page (768).

In some embodiments, a content feed bookmark functions as a link to aURL that corresponds to an online content feed aggregator. An example ofa URL specified by a bookmark is:

-   -   http://www.domain1.com/reader/bookmark?mode=nextitem&token=5782174&label=news        In this example, the value “5782174” in the URL is the token        that uniquely corresponds to the user identifier of a user. The        value shown for this token is merely illustrative; in practice,        the number of digits of the token will be chosen based on        cryptographic concerns. The parameters “mode=nextitem” and        “label=news” specify that the document to be identified in step        718 of process 700 is the next unread item in News label 306.        Different mode settings may be specified, for example, to        specify that the item to be identified in step 718 is the home        page of a content feed, or to invoke process 740 (FIG. 7B). If        no label is specified, the document to be identified in response        to selection of the bookmark may be provided by any content        stream to which the user has subscribed.

FIG. 8A is a schematic screenshot of a web browser 300 displaying a webpage 804. Web browser 300 has a tool bar 802 containing a bookmark 800.Selecting bookmark 800, for example by clicking on it, initiates process700, described with regards to FIG. 7A. Thus, instead of using a feedreader user interface such as the interface shown in FIG. 3A, a user mayaccess feed reader content items simply by selecting bookmark 800.

FIG. 8B is a schematic screenshot of a web browser 300 displaying a webpage 850, in response to user selection of bookmark 800. In anembodiment, web page 850 corresponds to the most recent unread contentitem in the content feeds to which a user subscribes. Web page 850 isidentified by a URL 852 corresponding to the source of the content item.In the example of FIG. 8B, web page 850 corresponds to content item 312in FIG. 3A and content item 340 in FIG. 3B. In this example, web page850 includes a source 854, a headline 856, and text 858, correspondingto the source, headline, and text of items 312 and 340. In anotherembodiment, web page 850 corresponds to an unread item identifiedaccording to other predefined selection criteria.

FIG. 8C is a block diagram illustrating a user interface for installinga bookmark on a browser toolbar, where the bookmark is for accessing oneor more items of one or more content feeds to which the user hassubscribed, in accordance with some embodiments. Web browser 300displays a web page 870, identified by a URL 872, that allows a user tocreate a bookmark on toolbar 802 of browser 300. Dragging bookmark link874 onto toolbar 802 will create a bookmark 800 (see FIG. 8A). In someembodiments, selecting the bookmark created using bookmark link 874 willcause the browser to display the most recent unread content item fromall of the content feeds to which a user subscribes. However, the usermay prefer to create a bookmark for a specific label or folder in theuser's feed reader account, by selecting a label from pull-down menu 876and then dragging bookmark link 878 onto toolbar 802. In an embodiment,the resulting bookmark 800, when selected, will display the most recentunread content item in a set of content feeds associated with theselected label or folder. In other embodiments, other content items willbe displayed in accordance with predefined selection criteria.

FIG. 9A is a flow diagram illustrating a process 900 for retrieving andstoring content items for subsequent transmission to client computer400, in accordance with some embodiments. Server computer 500 retrievesa currently published set of content items for a content feed, for eachof a plurality of respective content feeds (902). Step 902 is performed,for example, by feed tracker module 516 (FIG. 5). The retrieved contentitems are merged into a previously stored set of previously publishedcontent items, otherwise known as historical content items, for each ofthe plurality of content feeds (904). Currently published content itemsare available from respective publication sources at well-definednetwork locations, while historical content items were previouslyavailable from the respective publication sources, but are no longeravailable. The merged content items are stored in a database (906), suchas feed content database 520 (FIG. 5).

In an embodiment, an XML file containing a currently published set ofcontent items for a content feed is parsed by item. Each content itemincludes a title, date, and text context. Some items also include alink, such as a URL associated with the item, or an ID assigned by thefeed publisher (herein called the “publisher-assigned ID”). For eachitem in the XML file, server computer 500 computes an identifier(sometimes called the content ID) and a content fingerprint. Forexample, the identifier may be a 64-bit number based on the URL of thecorresponding content feed and either the publisher-assigned ID, theitem's link, or the item's title, in that order of preference, dependingon which information is available. In an embodiment, a hash function isapplied to this information to produce the identifier. In oneembodiment, the identifier is a 64-bit value, but may be a longer valuein other implementations to further reduce the chance of a collisionbetween two distinct content items. In some embodiments, the contentfingerprint or a respective content item is generated by applying a hashfunction to the entire content of the content item, and the web page ordocument, if any, referenced by the content item (e.g., referenced by aURL or publisher-assigned ID in the content item).

Server computer 500 compares each identifier against the content ID's612 of feed content table 600 (FIG. 6A) stored in feed content database520 (FIG. 5). If an identifier does not match any of the stored contentID's, the corresponding content item is inserted into database 520,along with its fingerprint. If the identifier does match a storedcontent ID, then server 500 compares the content fingerprint of thecorresponding item to the content fingerprint of the stored item (see,for example, content fingerprint 617 in FIG. 6A). If the content has notchanged, the corresponding item is not inserted into database 520.However, if the content has changed, the corresponding item is insertedinto database 520 along with its content ID and fingerprint. In someembodiments, this is accomplished by replacing the previously storedcontent item that matches the content ID of the new content item. Inanother embodiment, the new content items is added to the database 520without replacing or deleting the previously stored content item thatmatches the fingerprint of the new content item.

In response to a request from client computer 400, server computer 500transmits to client computer 400 an ordered list of content items for aspecified stream (908). The specified stream may correspond to aparticular content feed (i.e., may correspond to a particularpublication source at a well-defined network location) or may be avirtual stream derived from one or more other content streams within thecontext of server system 104. Therefore, the transmitted ordered list ofcontent items contains items from one or more content feedscorresponding to the specified stream (910). The transmitted orderedlist of content items also may include at least one historical item forat least one of the content feeds corresponding to the specified stream(912). In an embodiment, the list is ordered by time, based ontimestamps associated with the content items. Alternately, the list maybe ordered based on other predefined selection criteria (e.g., apredefined scoring function of the content and the timestamps of thecontent items).

FIG. 9B is a flow diagram illustrating a process 920 for presenting anordered list of content items to a user, in accordance with someembodiments. Server computer 500 retrieves and stores content items asdescribed above with regard to FIG. 9A (902, 904). In response to a useraction, client computer 400 transmits to server computer 500 a requestfor a set of content items corresponding to a specified stream (922).Examples of user actions prompting this request may include selecting alabel, for example by clicking on a label listed under “YourSubscriptions” 305 in FIG. 3A, or scrolling through a list of contentitems such as list 310 in FIG. 3A. Server computer 500 receives therequest and retrieves the requested set of content items from servermemory 504 (924) and responds by transmitting a set (e.g., an orderedlist) of content items for a specified stream (908). Client computer 400receives the transmitted set of content items and displays at least asubset of the content items to the user (926). Examples of displayedsets of content items include lists 310 in FIGS. 3A-3D.

FIG. 9C is a flow diagram illustrating a process 940 for presenting anordered list of content items to a user, in accordance with someembodiments. A request from client computer 400 (922) prompts servercomputer 500 to retrieve and transmit a set (e.g., an ordered list) ofcontent items corresponding to a specified stream (924, 908), asdescribed above with regards to FIG. 9B. In some embodiments,transmission 908 includes one or more continuation tokens for enablingsubsequent requests for additional content items corresponding to thespecified stream (942). Continuation tokens contain sufficientinformation to allow server computer 500 to resume its ordered retrievalin response to a subsequent request from client computer 400. Forexample, where the requested set of content items is ordered by time andis associated with a particular content feed, transmission 908 includesa continuation token containing the timestamp of the next item in theparticular content feed to be retrieved (or the timestamp of the lastitem sent to the client) and transmitted in response to a subsequentrequest. In other words, if a request 922 is for the twenty most recentunread items in a particular feed, the continuation token returned alongwith the results of the request contains the timestamp of thetwenty-first most recent unread item in the feed. In another example,where the requested set of content items is ordered by time and isassociated with a plurality of respective content feeds, transmission908 may contain multiple continuation tokens, each corresponding to arespective content feed. In yet another example, where the requested setof content items is arranged according to some other predefinedcriteria, the continuation token(s) may contain a parameter specifyingthe predefined criteria (e.g., one of a small number of predefinedoptions) and another parameter specifying the depth of a next item to beretrieved (or the depth of the last item previously retrieved) afterapplying the criteria to content items in the specified stream.

A user viewing the displayed list of content items (926) may attempt toscroll beyond the end of the displayed list. This action by the userwill prompt client computer 400 to fetch from server computer 500 anadditional set of content items, corresponding to the specified stream,to display to the user. In some embodiments, when the user scrollswithin a predefined number (e.g., a number between five and fifteen,inclusive) of content items of the end of the displayed list, clientcomputer 400 fetches additional items from the server. Specifically,client computer 400 transmits to server computer 500 a request foraddition content items (944). The request includes one or morecontinuation token(s) previously transmitted to client computer 400 instep 942 (946). Server computer 500 uses the returned continuationtoken(s) to retrieve the requested additional content items from servermemory 504 (948). For example, where the second request is for the nextN (e.g., twenty) unread items for the specified stream, the request sentby the client computer 400 includes a continuation token containing thetimestamp of the first content item in the specified stream that followsthe last content item (of the same specified stream) previously sent tothe client computer. Server computer 500 will retrieve twenty items fromthe specified stream, starting with the one identified by thecontinuation token in the request. In another example, where the requestis for the next twenty unread items for a particular feed, rankedaccording to predefined criteria, client computer 400 returns acontinuation token containing a parameter specifying the predefinedcriteria and one or more parameters that specify either the number ofitems previously retrieved and transmitted in response to previousrequests, or the depth of the next item to be retrieved and transmittedto the client computer. Server computer 500 ranks the content itemscorresponding to the specified feed according to the criteria stated inthe continuation token and retrieves from memory 504 the requestednumber of content items starting at the specified depth in the ranking.

Content items retrieved in accordance with the returned continuationtoken(s) are transmitted to client computer 400 (950), and at least asubset of those content items are displayed to the user (954). Forexample, the client computer may simultaneously display some of thepreviously received content items and some of the newly received contentitems. Transmission 950 includes new continuation token(s) that may bereturned in subsequent requests for content items (952), according tothe process described above.

FIG. 10A is a block diagram illustrating a list of content itemscorresponding to a stream 1000, in accordance with some embodiments.Stream 1000 may correspond to a particular content feed or may be avirtual stream. Content items are stored in memory 504 of servercomputer 500, for example in content item database 524 (FIG. 5). Thecontent items are ordered by time, such that content item 1 is the mostrecent item in the stream. The content items include currently publishedcontent items 1006 and previously published content items, or historicalcontent items, 1008. Currently published content items 1006 areavailable from respective publication sources at well-defined networklocations, while historical content items 1008 are no longer availablefrom the respective publication sources. In the example of FIG. 10A,content items 1-7 are currently published, while content item 8 and allsubsequent content items are historical.

In response to a request 922 (FIG. 9B) from client computer 400, anordered list (or, more generally, a set) of items corresponding tostream 1000 is transmitted to client computer 400. The transmittedordered list contains a specified number of items, referred to asclient's download window 1004. In the example of FIG. 10A, client'sdownload window 1004 includes 13 items, meaning that the ordered listtransmitted to client computer 400 includes 13 items. In this example,the 13 transmitted items include 7 currently published items and 6historical items. At least a subset of the transmitted ordered list isdisplayed to the user (926; see FIG. 9B), as determined by the size ofclient's list view window 1002. In the example of FIG. 10A, client'slist view window includes 9 items, meaning that 9 items are displayed tothe user via the feed reader user interface. Examples of formats fordisplaying items are shown in FIGS. 3A-3D. In general, the size ofclient's list view window 1002 will vary depending on the space requiredto display transmitted content items.

FIG. 10B is a block diagram illustrating content items in stream 1000 tobe transmitted and displayed in response to a second request from clientcomputer 400 following the initial request described with regards toFIG. 10A. Client computer 400 generates the second request in responseto a user action, such as scrolling through a list of content items,such as list 310 in FIG. 3A. In response to the second request, servercomputer 500 identifies a next set of untransmitted content items instream 1000, where the number of identified content items is determinedby the client's download window 1042. In the example of FIG. 10B,client's download window 1042 includes 13 items. Since content items1-13 previously were transmitted in response to the first request,server computer 500 identifies content items 14-26 and transmits anordered list of those items to client computer 400.

The items actually displayed to a user in response to the second requestdepend on the action taken by the user. In the example of FIG. 10B, theuser has scrolled past the entire list of content items originallydisplayed in client's list view window 1002 (FIG. 10A). Therefore, inthis example, client's list view window 1040 now displays content items10-18. In general, which content items are displayed will depend on themanner in which the user scrolls through the displayed list and the sizeof the displayed items. The displayed list may include content itemsretrieved via multiple requests. For example, in FIG. 10B, displayedcontent items 10-13 were retrieved in response to the first request, aspart of download window 1004 (FIG. 10A), while displayed content items14-18 were retrieved in response to the second request, as part ofdownload window 1042. However, all nine content items are displayed tothe user in a seamless list.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a distributed process 1100 forrecursively defining streams of content items, in accordance with someembodiments. FIG. 11 shows operations at three client devices (Client1,Client2, Client3), performed in response to instructions or commandsfrom three respective users (User1, User2, User3). The correspondingoperations at the server system are discussed above with reference toFIG. 6D. At a first client device, Client1, in response to instructionsor commands from a first user, User1, the first client device applies afirst label (e.g., Label1) to one or more user-selected oruser-specified content feeds (1102). If the labeled set ofuser-specified content feeds is made available for subscription by otherusers, the labeled set of user-specified content feeds becomes a virtualstream that is assigned a stream identifier, such as “User1:Label1”.This virtual stream is assigned a column in the user subscription table625 (FIG. 6D) and subscription and user labeling information for thevirtual stream is stored in this column.

Similarly, at a second client device, Client2, in response toinstructions or commands from a second user, User2, the second clientdevice applies a second label (e.g., Label2) to one or moreuser-selected or user-specified content feeds (1104). If the labeled setof user-specified content feeds is made available for subscription byother users, the labeled set of user-specified content feeds becomes avirtual stream that is assigned a stream identifier, such as“User2:Label2”. This virtual stream is assigned a column in the usersubscription table 625 (FIG. 6D) and subscription and user labelinginformation for the virtual stream is stored in this column.

At a third client device, Client3, in response to instructions orcommands from a third user, User3, the third client device applies athird label (e.g., Label3) to the first and second streams (106). Theresulting set of labeled streams becomes a third stream if the set oflabeled streams is made available for subscription by others. When theuser selects the third label, which may be represented as a folder name,content items for the third stream are presented to the third user(1108). In addition, in some embodiments the names of the labeledstreams (e.g., User1:Label1 and User2:Label2) are presented to the thirduser (1110). For example, the names of the labeled streams may be shownin a subscription list at one side of the GUI or window in which contentitems of the third stream are displayed.

Additional users (e.g., a fourth user at a fourth client device) maysubscribe to the third stream, and thus the process of recursive streamdefinitions may continue at the client devices of those additionalusers.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and its practical applications, to therebyenable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention andvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

1. A method of providing content, comprising: at a client device:subscribing a user of the client device to a specified stream, whereinthe specified stream comprises one or more other streams, wherein arespective stream of the one or more other streams comprises two or morecontent feeds, and wherein each content feed comprises a set of contentitems published by a respective publication source; and presenting tothe user content items associated with the specified stream.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the respective stream has an associatedidentifier that includes a user name and a label, wherein the user namecorresponds to a user other than the user of the client device and thelabel comprises a label assigned by the other user to the respectivestream.
 3. The method of claim 1, including presenting to the user astream identifier for the respective stream of the one or more otherstreams, the stream identifier including a user name and a label,wherein the user name identifies a user other than the user of theclient device and the label comprises a label assigned by the other userto the respective stream.
 4. A method of providing content, comprising:at a first client device, in response to instructions from a first user,applying a first label to a first stream comprising a second stream anda third stream, the second stream comprising one or more content feedsto which a second client device applied a second label, the third streamcomprising one or more content feeds to which a third client deviceapplied a third label; and at the first client device, presenting to thefirst user a sequence of content items for the first stream, thesequence comprising content items associated with the second stream andthe third stream.
 5. The method of claim 4, further including, at thefirst client device, presenting to the first user a first streamidentifier for the second stream and a second stream identifier for thethird stream, the first stream identifier including a name of a seconduser and the second label, the second stream identifier including a nameof a third user and the third label.
 6. The method of claim 4, furtherincluding, at a fourth client device, subscribing to the first stream inresponse to instructions from a fourth user, and presenting to thefourth user content items for the first stream.
 7. The method of claim4, further including, at the first client device, in response toinstructions from the first user, performing an action to make the firststream available for subscription by other users.
 8. A client device forpresenting content to a user, comprising: memory; a display; one or moreprocessors; and one or more programs stored in the memory and configuredfor execution by the one or more processors, the one or more programsincluding: instructions for subscribing a user of the client device to aspecified stream, wherein the specified stream comprises one or moreother streams, wherein a respective stream of the one or more otherstreams comprises two or more content feeds, and wherein each contentfeed comprises a set of content items published by a respectivepublication source; and instructions for presenting on the display tothe user content items associated with the specified stream.
 9. Acomputer readable storage medium storing one or more programs configuredto be executed by a client device remotely located from a server system,the one or more programs comprising: instructions for subscribing a userof the client device to a specified stream, wherein the specified streamcomprises one or more other streams, wherein a respective stream of theone or more other streams comprises two or more content feeds, andwherein each content feed comprises a set of content items published bya respective publication source; and instructions for presenting to theuser, on a display of the client device, content items associated withthe specified stream.
 10. A client device for presenting content to auser, comprising: means for subscribing a user of the client device to aspecified stream, wherein the specified stream comprises one or moreother streams, wherein a respective stream of the one or more otherstreams comprises two or more content feeds, and wherein each contentfeed comprises a set of content items published by a respectivepublication source; and means for presenting to the user content itemsassociated with the specified stream.
 11. A method of serving contentitems from content feeds to a plurality of users, comprising: for eachrespective stream of a plurality of streams, storing subscription dataindicating users of the plurality of users who have subscribed to therespective stream, and storing user label data indicating labels, ifany, that respective users have applied to the respective stream,wherein a first stream of the plurality of streams, subscribed to by afirst user, has a label applied by the first user and comprises a secondstream having a second label applied by a second user and a third streamhaving a third label applied by a third user, wherein the second streamand the third stream each comprise one or more content feeds, andwherein each content feed comprises a set of content items published bya respective publication source; and transmitting to a client device ofthe first user a list of content items of the first stream.
 12. Themethod of claim 11, including storing for the first stream a stream namethat includes a name of the first user and the label applied by thefirst user.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the second stream andthe third stream each comprise two or more content feeds, wherein eachcontent feed comprises a set of content items published by a respectivepublication source.
 14. A system for serving content, located remotelyfrom a client device, comprising: memory; one or more processors; andone or more programs stored in the memory and configured for executionby the one or more processors, the one or more programs including:instructions to store, for each respective stream of a plurality ofstreams, subscription data indicating users of the plurality of userswho have subscribed to the respective stream, and to store user labeldata indicating labels, if any, that respective users have applied tothe respective stream, wherein a first stream of the plurality ofstreams, subscribed to by a first user, has a label applied by the firstuser and comprises a second stream having a second label applied by asecond user and a third stream having a third label applied by a thirduser, wherein the second stream and the third stream each comprise oneor more content feeds, and wherein each content feed comprises a set ofcontent items published by a respective publication source; andinstructions to transmit to a client device of the first user a list ofcontent items of the first stream.
 15. A computer readable storagemedium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by aserver computer system remotely located from a client device, the one ormore programs comprising: instructions to store, for each respectivestream of a plurality of streams, subscription data indicating users ofthe plurality of users who have subscribed to the respective stream, andto store user label data indicating labels, if any, that respectiveusers have applied to the respective stream, wherein a first stream ofthe plurality of streams, subscribed to by a first user, has a labelapplied by the first user and comprises a second stream having a secondlabel applied by a second user and a third stream having a third labelapplied by a third user, wherein the second stream and the third streameach comprise one or more content feeds, and wherein each content feedcomprises a set of content items published by a respective publicationsource; and instructions to transmit to a client device of the firstuser a list of content items of the first stream.
 16. A system forserving content, located remotely from a client device, comprising:means for storing, for each respective stream of a plurality of streams,subscription data indicating users of the plurality of users who havesubscribed to the respective stream, and for storing user label dataindicating labels, if any, that respective users have applied to therespective stream, wherein a first stream of the plurality of streams,subscribed to by a first user, has a label applied by the first user andcomprises a second stream having a second label applied by a second userand a third stream having a third label applied by a third user, whereinthe second stream and the third stream each comprise one or more contentfeeds, and wherein each content feed comprises a set of content itemspublished by a respective publication source; and means for transmittingto a client device of the first user a list of content items of thefirst stream.